Astro Bob's Astronomy for Everyone

Astro Bob's Astronomy for Everyone For the latest on "what's up in the night sky" please go to duluthnewstribune.com/lifestyle/astro-bob

Aurora alert! G2 storm possible Tuesday night, Sept. 8Last night observers with clear skies in the northern U.S. saw a n...
09/08/2026

Aurora alert! G2 storm possible Tuesday night, Sept. 8

Last night observers with clear skies in the northern U.S. saw a nice aurora. Tonight, prospects look good again, even a little better, with a moderate G2 storm possible.

We had clouds here yesterday and today, but it will be clear tonight. I'll post an update and photo later this evening. No moon will bother. This is the time of year, along with spring, when the chances of seeing the northern lights is excellent. Keep looking north! The photo is from last September.

Aurora alert, Monday night Sept. 7 Space weather forecasters predict a minor G1 storm tonight from the combined effects ...
09/08/2026

Aurora alert, Monday night Sept. 7

Space weather forecasters predict a minor G1 storm tonight from the combined effects of a high-speed solar wind stream and multiple CMEs (coronal mass ejections) over the past few days.
The moon is a thin crescent at dawn and won't interfere.

We have clouds in Duluth overnight. If you live in the northern third of the U.S. (and Canada, of course!) you may see a red glow (at the horizon), green arc and maybe even a few dancing rays overnight.

The one photo shows the sun today getting busy again with sunspots and hopefully brewing up more aurora opportunities. The other is the NOAA forecast for the northern auroral oval for around 10 p.m. Central Time. It's already in expansion phase pushing south.

Watch the moon hide Jupiter in broad daylight Tuesday afternoon, Sept. 8 It's rare when the moon slips in front of a pla...
09/07/2026

Watch the moon hide Jupiter in broad daylight Tuesday afternoon, Sept. 8

It's rare when the moon slips in front of a planet and hides it, an event called an occultation. And it's a kick to watch. The moon (moving east) slowly devours the hapless planet until it completely disappears. An hour later, give-or-take, the planet returns to view, rising from the opposite edge like some scene from another world.

On October 6, the waning crescent will occult Jupiter in a dark sky shortly before and during dawn. That will be spectacular! To see it you'll only need your eyes and a pair of binoculars. But before that happens, the moon hides Jupiter in daylight.

Daylight makes it more difficult to see but not if you have a small telescope. You'll just need to find the moon a short time before the start, and look for Jupiter very close to the east (left) of the bright crescent. Tripod-mounted binoculars under a haze-free, blue sky will show the planet as a tiny dot near the moon, but a scope is best.

Roughly the eastern two-thirds of the U.S. will witness the event tomorrow. Here's a basic coverage map: https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20260908_16_100. I included several sample cities here, but to find out exact times for your location, go to https://stellarium-web.org/ and set the date and time (lower right corner), search for Jupiter, then zoom in to see Jupiter and the moon together. Step through the time to determine when the planet disappears and reappears. Good luck!

(All times are local time).

New, bright supernova in galaxy NGC 7331On Sept. 1 astronomers working with the ATLAS Survey spotted a new exploding sta...
09/06/2026

New, bright supernova in galaxy NGC 7331

On Sept. 1 astronomers working with the ATLAS Survey spotted a new exploding star in the 10th magnitude galaxy NGC 7331 in Pegasus. "New" is a relative term, since the galaxy's 44 million light-years away, and it took 44 million years for the supernova to announce itself!

The object is located a short distance southeast of the galaxy's core and currently at magnitude 13.8 — within the range of an 8-inch telescope.

Of the several varieties of supernovae, 2026aaiv (it's formal name) is a Type Ia. That means it occurred in a closely-orbited pair of stars, one similar to the sun, and the other a small, superdense white dwarf. After feasting on gases siphoned from its companion, the dwarf exceeded its stable mass limit, leading to a runaway nuclear fusion reaction that consumed the entire star in a titanic explosion.

I happened to photograph the galaxy back on Aug. 4 before the supernova happened, so you can compare "then" and "now". This is the second supernova in a year to flare in NGC 7331. The last was 2026rbs in July 2025. I hope you have a scope to see it. Observing stars that blow up is a thrill.

Old moon and Mars convene at dawn. What makes stars but not planets twinkle?Sunday morning, Sept. 6, as night gives way ...
09/06/2026

Old moon and Mars convene at dawn. What makes stars but not planets twinkle?

Sunday morning, Sept. 6, as night gives way to dawn, look east to find the waning crescent. Mars shines just below it. Farther down and much brighter you'll see Jupiter. Off to the south below Orion look for Sirius, the brightest star.

Although both Jupiter and Sirius are similarly bright right now, Jupiter pours out a steady light, while Sirius twinkles wildly. Stars are so far away they're mere points of light easily bent this way and that by our ever-shifting atmosphere. When the light is bent toward us the star looks bright. When the light is bend away from our line of sight the star dims. Since the atmosphere is in constant motion the star's light flashes on and off randomly, which we perceive as twinkling.

In contrast, Jupiter is close enough to show a disk many times larger than a star. You can think of the planet as hundreds of points of light (stars) packed closely together, each of which is randomly twinkling. Some are bright and some are faint, but taken together the fluctuations even out to produce a relatively steady light without the wild fluctuations we see in a single point like Sirius.

Sticky situationI was closing the curtains before bed last night when this gray tree frog took me by surprise. The light...
09/05/2026

Sticky situation

I was closing the curtains before bed last night when this gray tree frog took me by surprise. The light leaking from the window had apparently attracted insects. So the frog climbed up the side of the house on his sticky toe pads to seize the opportunity. I hope his efforts earned him a meal.

China's Tiangong space station makes evening flybysIf you've never seen China's space station, the next week or so will ...
09/04/2026

China's Tiangong space station makes evening flybys

If you've never seen China's space station, the next week or so will be ideal for northern hemisphere observers. Tiangong (Heavenly Palace) currently has three astronauts on board. The Chinese call them taikonauts, a term that combines "taikong," their word for "space," with the Greek "-naut", which means "traveler".

Although no match for the larger International Space Station, Tiangong gets as bright as Sirius, the brightest star, during some of its passes. Watch for it to cross the southern sky moving from west to east. The map here shows tonight's flyby for Minneapolis-St. Paul, starting at 8:21 p.m. For more times for any location, go to Heavens-above.com.

The Chinese plan to expand the station in the coming year as well as launch a 2-meter (~72-inch) telescope named Xuntian ("survey of the heavens") that would orbit nearby. Perhaps in the near future we'll see two objects — an artificial double star — during Tiangong flybys. The top photo shows a pass from earlier this summer.

Universe near and far From leaf to quasar, the universe is always close at hand. It's a continuum. Everything touches ev...
09/03/2026

Universe near and far

From leaf to quasar, the universe is always close at hand. It's a continuum. Everything touches everything.

On the left is the star cluster M103 in Cassiopeia from last night. Located nearly 10,000 light-years away it's one of my favorites. I like the triangular shape, the red gem in the center and the abundant stars. The leaf looks like I photographed it in the studio, but it just happened to catch a late afternoon sunbeam in the shaded forest. Both are cosmic objects. One just happens to be a little closer.

Tight squeeze for the moon and Pleiades The most famous star cluster in the sky pals it up with the waning moon Wednesda...
09/02/2026

Tight squeeze for the moon and Pleiades

The most famous star cluster in the sky pals it up with the waning moon Wednesday night. If you're up late, you'll see them together in the northeastern sky. Moonlight will dim the cluster, but if use binoculars, you'll fit them both in the same field of view. They'll be just 4° apart.

If you wait till Thursday at the start of dawn, cluster and rocky orb will be much closer together — just one moon-diameter apart. Why? During the night the moon has traveled along its orbit east in the direction of the Pleiades., shrinking the distance between them. Nothing stands still up there.

Fear not Phobos. Marvel instead.Mars has two tiny moons, Phobos and Deimos, named for the gods of fear and panic. Both n...
09/02/2026

Fear not Phobos. Marvel instead.

Mars has two tiny moons, Phobos and Deimos, named for the gods of fear and panic. Both names fit right in with the Martian war-theme. Phobos is the larger of the two but still tiny at just 17 miles across. On Aug. 12, the Perseverance Rover captured this amazing photo of Phobos transiting the sun. A transit is a little bit like an eclipse, except that the blocking object is much smaller than the background object.

The video shows another Phobos transit, also recorded by Perseverance, made on April 2, 2022. Because Phobos orbits Mars in just 7 hours and 39 minutes, transits are brief, lasting only 30 seconds or less.

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