06/15/2026
TOOLS OF THE CRAFT: FROE
The froe is a splitting tool, not a cutting tool. Its heavy blade is set at a right angle to the handle and driven into the end grain
of a log by a wooden mallet. The handle is then levered to split the wood along the grain. Splitting produces stronger pieces than sawing because the fibers run continuously through the split face.
What is it used for?
The froe produces wood that is structurally stronger than sawn lumber because the split follows the grain rather than cutting
across it. In historic timber building, froes were used to make roof shingles, barn siding, chair parts, and the treenails used to pin timber frame joints. It is still the best way to make parts that need to bend without breaking.
How is it made?
The froe blade does not need to be razor sharp because it splits rather than cuts. It needs to be thick enough to wedge the
wood apart as the handle is levered. The eye is forged into the blade and the handle passes through it. A good froe handle is straight-grained and stout enough to absorb the levering force without flexing.
When was it made?
The froe was an essential production tool across medieval Europe and colonial America. Before powered sawmills, nearly
all shingles, boards, and wooden pegs were produced by splitting, not sawing. Iron froes appear in tool inventories and agricultural records from the 12th century onward. In timber framing and heritage craft work, the froe remains an active tool.