01/02/2023
*What is anovulation?*
Anovulation occurs when an egg does not release, or ovulate, from a woman’s ovaries. Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility.
Anovulation is typically, although not always, coupled with irregular or lack of menstruation. However, with anovulatory cycles, there may be bleeding, which a woman may mistake for a normal menstruation, although this would only rarely occur on a regular, monthly basis.
Anovulation at a glance
Anovulation is the lack or absence of ovulation (the release of an egg). It is a common cause of infertility.
*Anovulation* is often the result of an imbalance of the hormones that cause a woman to ovulate and may be part of the condition polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS).
Irregular menstruation can also indicate anovulation, and we have a variety of diagnostic tools to help determine the cause of irregular cycles.
*How ovulation works*
Ovulation begins to happen when the hypothalamus (a gland in the brain) secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which then causes the pituitary gland (another gland in the brain) to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
FSH stimulates the woman’s eggs (follicles) that then make the hormone estrogen, which builds the uterine lining. Next comes the release of LH (“LH surge”), which serves to release the egg from the o***y and into the fallopian tube.
At this point, fertilization by the male’s s***m must take place within 12-24 hours, or the egg will no longer be viable. If fertilization occurs, the embryo will reach the uterus and attach to the wall of the uterus in about five days after ovulation, establishing a pregnancy.
If fertilization does not take place, the progesterone levels will decrease and the uterine lining will shed with a menstrual period.
Causes of anovulation
Obesity
Low body weight and excessive exercise
Abnormalities of TSH /or prolactin
Polycystic o***y syndrome (PCOS
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